Reviews
Phonetics for Speech Pathology, is a comprehensive text, covering a wide range of topics useful to speech-language-hearing clinicians, as a basis for further study in clinical phonetics and phonology.Linguist List
Phonetics for Speech Pathology
Third Edition
Martin J. Ball [+–]
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Joan Rahilly [+–]
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Orla Lowry [+–]
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
Nicola Bessell [+–]
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
Alice Lee [+–]
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
The new, third, edition of this indispensable guide for speech pathology and therapy students is completely updated, applying the results of the most recent research into speech disorders.
Phonetics for Speech Pathology introduces normative aspects of phonetics and describes how these may go wrong in atypical speech, and the consequences when they do. The book deals with the three main areas of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory, this last being often neglected in phonetics textbooks. The chapters are copiously illustrated, with most diagrams and figures newly drawn for this edition.
Correct use of phonetic symbolizations and the importance of adequate transcription in the clinic are stressed, as is the use of instrumental analyses to augment impressionistic descriptions of speech. A range of modern instrumental techniques in speech analysis is covered, as are developments in hearing research including auditory processing disorder. The book concludes with an introduction to current models of speech production and perception.
Table of Contents
Preliminaries
List of Figures and List of Tables [+–] vii-xiv
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This text for speech pathology and therapy students introduces normative aspects of phonetics and describes how these may go wrong in atypical speech, and the consequences when they do. The book deals with the three main areas of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory, this last being often neglected in phonetics textbooks. The chapters are copiously illustrated, with most diagrams and figures newly drawn for this edition. Correct use of phonetic symbolizations and the importance of adequate transcription in the clinic are stressed, as is the use of instrumental analyses to augment impressionistic descriptions of speech. A range of modern instrumental techniques in speech analysis is covered, as are developments in hearing research including auditory processing disorder. The book concludes with an introduction to current models of speech production and perception. This new, third, edition of this prestigious text is completely updated, applying the results of recent research into speech disorders to this indispensable guide for speech pathology and therapy students.
Preface [+–] xv-xvi
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This introductory text for speech pathology and therapy students examines normative phonetic aspects and also discusses how these may go wrong and what happens when they do. Correct use of phonetic symbolizations and the importance of adequate transcription in the clinic are stressed, as is the use of instrumental analyses to augment impressionistic descriptions of speech. The book deals with the three main areas of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory. This new, third, edition of this prestigious text is completely updated, applying the results of recent research into speech disorders to this indispensable guide for speech pathology and therapy students.
Introduction
Introduction [+–] 1-4
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This introductory text for speech pathology and therapy students examines normative phonetic aspects and also discusses how these may go wrong and what happens when they do. Correct use of phonetic symbolizations and the importance of adequate transcription in the clinic are stressed, as is the use of instrumental analyses to augment impressionistic descriptions of speech. The book deals with the three main areas of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory. This new, third, edition of this prestigious text is completely updated, applying the results of recent research into speech disorders to this indispensable guide for speech pathology and therapy students.
Part 1: Articulatory Phonetics
1. The Vocal Organs [+–] 7-13
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter introduces the anatomy and physiology of the vocal tract. Information is provided on the lungs, trachea, larynx, pharynx and oral and nasal cavities.
2. Initiation [+–] 14-22
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes physiology and the aerodynamics of producing a moving stream of air in the vocal tract. It discusses the difference between an egressive and an ingressive airstream, and the location of the initiators of the airstreams used in speech. Different sound types made on the different airstreams are illustrated with the relevant phonetic symbols.
3. Phonation [+–] 23-32
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter gives details of the anatomy and physiology of the larynx and vocal folds. It describes the different phonation types used in speech (including combined types), and notes their glottal location.
4. Manner of Articulation [+–] 33-42
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes manner of articulation in consonants. The division between momentary and prolongable sounds is introduced, as is the distinction between central and lateral airflow. Manners used in both normal and atypical speech are included.
5. Place of Articulation [+–] 43-53
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes place of articulation in consonants. The main divisions of the oral cavity and of the tongue are described for both normal and disordered speech. Phonetic symbols for consonants are introduced.
6. Orality and Nasality [+–] 54-58
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
In this chapter the tripartite division of supralaryngeal airflow in speech is described. It is noted that the movement and position of the velum allows oral only airflow, nasal only airflow, and combined oral and nasal airflow (‘nasalized’). Examples are provided from normal and disordered speech.
7. Plosives [+–] 59-68
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter provides a description of the three phases of plosive production: approach, closure, and release. The distinction between consecutive and overlapping stops is illustrated, as are modifications to the approach and release phases, including affrication, aspiration, and nasal and lateral release.
8. Vowels [+–] 69-79
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
The articulation of vowels within the vowel area is described in this chapter. Methods of classifying vowels are introduced, including articulatory labels and the cardinal vowel system. Types of monophthong and diphthong are illustrated in normal and disordered speech. Phonetic symbols for vowels are introduced.
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
Three-term labels (voicing, place and manner) to described speech sounds are introduced in this chapter. The distinction between double and secondary articulations is discussed and illustrated with examples from normal and disordered speech.
10. Phonetic Transcription [+–] 86-93
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter presents notes on the distinction between broad and narrow transcription, and the need to transcribe by realization not by target.
11. Parametric Phonetics [+–] 94-105
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
In this chapter, the dynamic nature of speech is emphasized through the use of diagrams that show the interaction between different aspects of speech in time. The nature of coarticulation is explored, along with its possible breakdown in disordered speech.
12. Suprasegmentals 1: Prosody and Connected Speech [+–] 106-118
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
Aspects of speech that stretch over individual segments are introduced in this chapter. Described are length and stress (in the syllable domain), and intonation (in the phrasal domain), as well as long term settings such as loudness and tempo. Some connected speech processes such as elision and assimilation are also dealt with.
13. Suprasegmentals 2: Voice Quality [+–] 119-125
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter deals with voice quality. Phonatory aspects are briefly recalled, and details given of the range of voice quality types derived from supralaryngeal settings. Normal and disordered aspects of voice quality are discussed and symbols to denote voice quality types and combinations are introduced.
14. Speech Imaging [+–] 126-136
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
In this chapter a wide range of instrumentation used to image speech articulation is described and illustrated. Applications to normal and disordered speech are provided. Approaches include x-radiography, electropalatography, electromyography, electromagnetic articulography, ultrasound, electroglottography/laryngography, aerometry / nasometry, magnetic resonance imaging
Part 2: Acoustic Phonetics
15. Frequency and Pitch [+–] 139-145
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter introduces the notion of sound waves, and describes periodic and aperiodic waves, and simple and complex waves. The frequency of the repetition of a periodic wave’s cycle is described and its measurement in Hertz. The relationship of frequency to pitch is illustrated via the mel scale.
16. Intensity and Loudness [+–] 146-151
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
Amplitude is introduced in this chapter, along with the relation between amplitude and frequency that make up intensity. The relative intensities of different speech sounds are listed. The perceptual concept of loudness is described along with the decibel scale.
17. Resonance [+–] 152-156
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter described free and forced vibrations in acoustics, and the concept of resonance. The resonance characteristics of complex waves are illustrated along with the ability to describe the spectra of sound waves. It is noted that peaks of amplitude in a spectrum are referred to as formants, and some basic formant differences in speech are illustrated.
18. Recording speech [+–] 157-161
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
The development of digital over analog recording is described. The importance of good quality recordings for speech analysis is stressed and practical aspects of ensuring clear recordings are explored.
19. Acoustic Analysis: Spectrography [+–] 162-169
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
In this chapter the concept of sound spectroscopy is described. It is noted that today this technique can be carried out using software on a personal computer. Typical spectrograms illustrating frequency, intensity, noise (aperiodic sound), and pitch are included.
20. Acoustic Characteristics of Vowels [+–] 170-174
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes how formant analysis can be used to describe vowels. Typical formant values for a range of vowels are provided. The analysis of vowel duration is introduced. Diphthongs are illustrated where the change in formant values over time can be used to classify them.
21. Acoustic Characteristics of Sonorant Consonants [+–] 175-179
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter illustrates the acoustic characteristics of glides, liquids, and nasal consonants. Formants and formant movement are shown.
22. Acoustic Characteristics of Obstruents [+–] 180-186
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter illustrates the acoustic characteristics of plosives, fricatives and affricates. Plosive bursts and the noise components are shown.
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter illustrates the acoustic characteristics of stressed and unstressed syllables. The intensity trace on spectrograms is shown, together with durational differences linked to syllable stress.
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter illustrates the use of the pitch trace feature in spectrographic analysis. The chapter also introduces notations for linguistic use of pitch ultimately derived from acoustic analyses; these include the ToBI and related systems.
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes the acoustic characteristics of word boundary phenomena in connected speech. These include formant transitions and other coarticulatory effects.
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
In this chapter the acoustic characteristics of different aspects of voice quality are illustrated via representative spectrograms. These include ingressive airstreams, different phonation types and different supralaryngeal settings
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes the acoustic characteristics of selected speech disorders in children. Examples are given of phonetic errors (also known as misarticulations), childhood apraxia of speech, and of cranio-facial anomalies such as cleft palate.
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes the acoustic characteristics of selected speech disorders in adults. Examples are given of motor speech disorders (including dysarthria and apraxia of speech), disfluency, progressive speech deterioration, and jargon aphasia.
Part 3: Auditory Phonetics
29. Hearing: The Ear [+–] 233-238
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes the anatomy and physiology of the ear, covering the outer, middle and inner ear. The role of the cochlear in hearing is discussed.
30. Hearing: Perception [+–] 239-245
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
In this chapter perceptual aspects of hearing are described; in particular the frequency range that humans can perceive, and also the intensity range. The notion of the difference limen (just noticeable difference) in perception is discussed, and a set of measurement scales provided: mels, sones, phons and the bark scale.
31. Hearing: Comprehension [+–] 246-252
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter distinguishes the perception of speech from its comprehension by the listener. A discussion is provided of active versus passive listener models, and the possibility of combining them. The need for clinical phoneticians to separate phonetic from phonemic listening is stressed.
32. Perceptual Units of Speech [+–] 253-261
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter introduces some of the units the listeners use when decoding speech. These include the phoneme, mora, and syllable. Also described is sonority theory, that is the claim the shape of syllables in languages is designed around a sequence of segments where the most sonorous is central to the syllable.
33. Hearing Impairment [+–] 262-269
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
In this chapter the division of hearing impairment into conductive and sensorineural is introduced, along with the difference between pre- and postlingual onset. Cortical deafness is also discussed. The chapter also describes a variety of sign based communication systems used in the deaf community.
34. Phonetics of Hearing Impaired Speech [+–] 270-274
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
The importance of the prelingual / postlingual distinction is stressed in this chapter. Phonetic characteristics of these different onset of deafness are described for vowels, consonants, and suprasegmentals.
35. Audiological Measurement [+–] 275-280
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
The distinction between pure tone audiometry and speech audiometry is described in this chapter, together with sample audiograms of different types of hearing impairment. The chapter concludes with the classification of degrees of hearing loss derived from audiological measurement.
36. Auditory Processing Disorders [+–] 281-285
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter looks at Auditory Processing Disorder, and its characteristics are described. The distinction between acquired and developmental APD is discussed. Problems in diagnosing this disorder are emphasized.
37. Feedback in Speech [+–] 286-290
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter describes the different types of feedback made use of by speakers to monitor the accuracy of their speech production. These mechanisms include auditory, tactile, kinaesthetic and proprioceptive. The differential results of impairment to these mechanisms are described.
38. Psychoacoustic Experiments [+–] 291-296
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This chapter introduces psychoacoustic experimentation, and notes the distinction between experiments requiring detection, discrimination, identification and scaling by the subjects. The chapter concludes with a description of a range of acoustic cues in speech perception discovered via psychoacoustic experiments.
39. Delayed Auditory Feedback [+–] 297-301
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
The technique of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is described in this chapter and its use with both normal and disfluent speakers. The chapter concludes with an examination of the clinical application of DAF.
40. Dichotic Listening [+–] 302-306
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
The technique of dichotic listening is described in this chapter and its use with both normal and speech disordered speakers. The chapter concludes with an examination of the research applications of dichotic listening.
41. Time-Variated Speech [+–] 307-310
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
The technique of time variated speech is described in this chapter and its use with both normal and speech disordered speakers. The chapter concludes with an examination of the research applications of time variated speech.
42. Models of Speech Production and Perception [+–] 311-316
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
In this final chapter an introduction is provided to the area of speech and language research termed here models of speech production and perception. The distinction between serial processing models (such as those of Levelt and colleagues) and parallel processing models (such as those of Dell and colleagues) is demonstrated. The ability of these models to account for different aspects of disordered speech is illustrated.
End Matter
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This appendix presents the current chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This appendix presents the current chart of the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of disordered speech.
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This appendix presents the current chart of VoQS symbols for voice quality and connected speech
References [+–] 322-331
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This text for speech pathology and therapy students introduces normative aspects of phonetics and describes how these may go wrong in atypical speech, and the consequences when they do. The book deals with the three main areas of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory, this last being often neglected in phonetics textbooks. The chapters are copiously illustrated, with most diagrams and figures newly drawn for this edition. Correct use of phonetic symbolizations and the importance of adequate transcription in the clinic are stressed, as is the use of instrumental analyses to augment impressionistic descriptions of speech. A range of modern instrumental techniques in speech analysis is covered, as are developments in hearing research including auditory processing disorder. The book concludes with an introduction to current models of speech production and perception. This new, third, edition of this prestigious text is completely updated, applying the results of recent research into speech disorders to this indispensable guide for speech pathology and therapy students.
Index [+–] 332-341
Bangor University, Wales; Wrexham University, Wales; and University College Cork, Ireland
Martin J. Ball is Honorary Professor in the School of Linguistics and English Language at Bangor University, Wales.
Until recently he was Professor of Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics at Linköping University, Sweden, having formerly held the position of Hawthorne-BoRSF Endowed Professor in the Department of Communicative Disorders, at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. He received his bachelor’s degree with honours in Linguistics and English from the University of Wales (Bangor); his Master’s degree in phonetics and linguistics from the University of Essex; his Ph.D. from the University of Wales (Cardiff), and a DLitt degree from Bangor University.
Dr Ball has authored and edited over 35 books, 50 contributions to collections and 100 refereed articles in academic journals. He has also presented at conferences around the world. He is co-editor of the journal Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics (Taylor & Francis); and of the book series Studies in Phonetics and Phonology (Equinox), Communication Disorders across Languages (Multilingual Matters), and Language and Speech Disorders (Psychology Press). His main research interests include sociolinguistics, clinical phonetics and phonology, and the linguistics of Welsh. He has been President of the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association; he is an honorary Fellow of the UK Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, and a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. His most recent books are Principles of Clinical Phonology (Routledge, 2016) and Challenging Sonority (co-edited with N. Müller, Equinox, 2016).
Queen’s University Belfast
Joan Rahilly is Professor in Linguistics and Phonetics at Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. Her research focuses on phonetic and phonological manifestations of speech and language disorders, but she is also pursuing work on literacy acquisition amongst young people in the Northern Irish context.
Ulster University
Orla Lowry is Lecturer in Language and Linguistics in School of Communication and Media at Ulster University, Northern Ireland.
University College Cork
Nicola Bessell is Lecturer in the Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland, and works on variation in Irish English as well as clinical linguistics.
Nicola started linguistic life with Old and Middle English texts in the BA Hons degree at the University of Oxford, followed by a Master’s degree in Linguistics and Comparative Philology. After working in a bookshop, at Oxford University Press, and then as a research assistant at Oxford University Phonetics Laboratory, she went to Canada to do a PhD. At the University of British Columbia she started fieldwork on First Nations languages. Her PhD research is on the phonetics and phonology of the velar, uvular, pharyngeal and glottal consonants of the Interior Salish languages. She held a post-doctoral position at the University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, and a faculty position in the Linguistics Department at the University of Texas at Austin.
University College Cork
Alice Lee is Lecturer in Speech and Hearing Sciences at University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. Her research focuses on perceptual and instrumental investigations of speech disorders and typical speech production, and listener training for perceptual judgement of speech disorders.
This text for speech pathology and therapy students introduces normative aspects of phonetics and describes how these may go wrong in atypical speech, and the consequences when they do. The book deals with the three main areas of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory, this last being often neglected in phonetics textbooks. The chapters are copiously illustrated, with most diagrams and figures newly drawn for this edition. Correct use of phonetic symbolizations and the importance of adequate transcription in the clinic are stressed, as is the use of instrumental analyses to augment impressionistic descriptions of speech. A range of modern instrumental techniques in speech analysis is covered, as are developments in hearing research including auditory processing disorder. The book concludes with an introduction to current models of speech production and perception. This new, third, edition of this prestigious text is completely updated, applying the results of recent research into speech disorders to this indispensable guide for speech pathology and therapy students.
ISBN-13 (Hardback)
9781781791790
Price (Hardback)
£75.00 / $100.00
ISBN-13 (Paperback)
9781781791783
Price (Paperback)
£24.95 / $32.00
ISBN (eBook)
9781781799970
Price (eBook)
Individual
£24.95 / $32.00
Institutional
£550.00 / $700.00
£24.95 / $32.00
Institutional
£550.00 / $700.00
Publication
02/10/2020
Pages
358
Size
244 x 170 mm
Readership
Students
Illustration
154 figures
Linguist List
