5. Sufism, the Shatahat, and a New Examination of Al-Ghazali’s Writings

Subjugated Voices and Religion - Souad T. Ali

Souad T. Ali [+-]
Arizona State University
Professor Souad T. Ali is head of Classics and Middle Eastern studies, founding chair of the Arizona State University Council for Arabic and Islamic Studies; coordinator of Arabic Studies; associate professor of Arabic literature and Middle Eastern/Islamic studies in the School of International Letters and Cultures (SILC). She is simultaneously an affiliate graduate faculty member in English, women and gender studies, religious studies, and justice and social inquiry; as well as an affiliate faculty member in the Center for the Study of Religion and Conflict, African and African-American studies, Center for the Study of Race and Democracy, Institute for Humanities Research, and Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. A scholar with international recognition, Professor Ali is a recipient of several awards including, the ASU Faculty Women’s Association Outstanding Graduate Mentor Award (2017); the ASU Outstanding Advisor of the Year (2019), among others. A Fulbright Scholar, Professor Ali is the author of A Religion, Not A State: Ali ‘Abd al-Raziq’s Islamic Justification of Political Secularism (University of Utah Press 2009), The Road to Two Sudans, an edited volume of which she is the lead editor, has been published internationally by Cambridge Scholars Publishing (2014). Ali’s third book is Perspectives of Five Kuwaiti Women in Leadership Roles: Feminism, Islam and Politics (CSP, 2019). Professor Ali’s impressive scholarship also includes over 30 scholarly articles in several languages, and more than 100 scholarly conference presentations. With degrees from prestigious institutions such as the University of Utah and Brigham Young University, as well as the University of Khartoum and the Polytechnic of North London, Professor Ali brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to her work. She has held several key leadership roles, including serving as the past president of the American Academy of Religion/Western Region (AAR/WR), president of the Sudan(s) Studies Association of North America, and executive committee member of the International Association of Intercultural Studies (IAIS) in Cairo, Egypt and Bremen, Germany.

Description

In Souad T. Ali’s second chapter, “Sufism, the Shatahat, and a New Examination of Al Ghazali’s writings,” she delves into al-Ghazali’s contributions to Sufi literature. Focusing on al Ghazali’s discussions regarding the Sufi understanding of union with God and the temporary state of intoxication experienced by Sufis, this chapter contends that al-Ghazali’s body of work sought to right many of the injustices levied against other Sufi scholars. This paper argues that al-Ghazali provides vital insight into re-examining the violence committed against such Sufi figures as Mansur Ibn al-Hallaj (d. 922) and Bayazid Bistami (d. 874). Using historical and textual analysis, this study elucidates that, contrary to widely held beliefs that al-Ghazali “rejected” the Shatahat, or intoxicated utterances of these classical Sufis; conversely, he provided justification that what they said was not what was perceived, and that the speech of God’s lovers should not to be revealed but concealed and “not spread out.” Furthermore, this chapter examines the legacy of al-Ghazali as evidenced through the extensive literature written about him in the last century.

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Citation

Ali, Souad T.. 5. Sufism, the Shatahat, and a New Examination of Al-Ghazali’s Writings. Subjugated Voices and Religion. Equinox eBooks Publishing, United Kingdom. Aug 2025. ISBN 9781800506725. https://www.equinoxpub.com/home/view-chapter/?id=46624. Date accessed: 28 Oct 2024 doi: 10.1558/equinox.46624. Aug 2025

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